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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Pediatric epilepsy evaluations from the prenatal perspective.

Mark S Scher1, Brenda M Kidder, Barbara A Bangert

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/MacDonald Hospital for Women, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. Mark.Scher@uhhs.com

Journal of Child Neurology
|July 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal factors like maternal conditions and placental issues contribute to childhood epilepsy. Understanding these fetal origins is key for effective diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Childhood epilepsy can stem from prenatal factors including congenital malformations and acquired injuries during gestation.
  • Maternal, fetal, and placental conditions are critical contributors to the development of epilepsy in children.

Observation:

  • Five case studies from a Pediatric Epilepsy Service highlight diverse prenatal influences.
  • Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy were observed in full-term infants, with placental pathology indicating antepartum maternal-placental diseases.
  • Preterm infants with systemic organ diseases and children with complex maternal medical histories (genetic and acquired) also presented with epilepsy.

Findings:

  • Prenatal insults, encompassing both genetic and acquired pathologies, are significant contributors to childhood epilepsy.
  • Epilepsy surgery in two children improved seizure control but did not resolve persistent neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits linked to diffuse encephalopathies.

Implications:

  • A dual pathology approach, considering both genetic and acquired prenatal factors, is essential for understanding childhood epilepsy.
  • Adopting an ontogenetic perspective, focusing on fetal neurology, is recommended for epileptologists to comprehensively study epilepsy.