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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
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Published on: January 23, 2026

Pseudosequestration of the left lung.

Ashutosh S Singh1, Senthil Kumar Subbain, K Ganapathy Subramanian

  • 1International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Mugappair, Chennai 600101, India. ash27575@rediffmail.com

Texas Heart Institute Journal
|July 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study details a rare lung malformation where systemic arteries supplied an entire lung, causing severe pulmonary hypertension in an infant. Treatment involved embolizing these abnormal vessels to manage blood flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Bronchovascular malformations (BVMs) are congenital anomalies involving abnormal lung perfusion from systemic arteries.
  • These malformations can lead to significant cardiopulmonary complications, including pulmonary hypertension.

Observation:

  • A case is presented of an infant with severe pulmonary artery hypertension.
  • The infant's entire left lung was perfused by collateral vessels originating from the celiac trunk and left subclavian artery.
  • The left tracheobronchial tree exhibited normal anatomy.

Findings:

  • Successful coil embolization of the systemic collateral vessels was performed.
  • This intervention aimed to reduce abnormal pulmonary blood flow.
  • The procedure addressed the underlying cause of pulmonary hypertension in this infant.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of identifying and treating systemic-to-pulmonary arterial collateral vessels in infants with pulmonary hypertension.
  • Embolization offers a viable therapeutic option for managing BVMs with systemic arterial supply.
  • Understanding these rare malformations is crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in pediatric cardiovascular and pulmonary care.