Graft-versus-host disease: review and nursing implications

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Hematology
• Oncology

Background:

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a crucial therapy for hematologic malignancies and other diseases.
• While HSCT can restore hematopoietic function, significant long-term complications persist.
• Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major autoimmune complication following allogeneic HSCT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the critical role of HSCT in treating hematologic disorders.
• To highlight the persistent challenges and complications associated with HSCT.
• To define GVHD as a significant autoimmune sequela of allogeneic HSCT.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on HSCT and GVHD.
• Analysis of the immunological mechanisms underlying GVHD.
• Categorization of GVHD into acute and chronic forms.

Main Results:

• HSCT is a standard treatment with curative potential for various hematologic conditions.
• Allogeneic HSCT can trigger a cascade of autoimmune events, primarily GVHD.
• GVHD involves the donor immune system attacking host antigen-presenting cells, causing inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Despite advancements, HSCT remains associated with substantial long-term complications.
• GVHD, encompassing acute and chronic forms, significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients.
• Understanding and managing GVHD is critical for improving outcomes in allogeneic HSCT.