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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game01:24

Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game

The development of self in children is deeply rooted in social interactions, mainly through stages of play and structured games. These stages, outlined by sociologist George Herbert Mead, illustrate how children progressively learn to understand and adopt social roles, forming a cohesive sense of self.The Play Stage: Imitation and Simple Role-TakingIn the early years of childhood, the play stage is characterized by imitative behavior, where children engage in role-playing based on familiar...
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity01:23

Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity

Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

Antecedent effects of observing peer play.

Jennifer L Bruzek1, Rachel H Thompson

  • 1University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|July 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Preschoolers

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Observing peers can influence behavior.
  • Understanding social learning in early childhood is crucial for development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how observing a peer play with a toy affects a preschooler's toy preference.
  • To determine if social observation influences response allocation in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Preference assessments were used to establish toy hierarchies.
  • Reinforcer assessments evaluated toy choices before and after peer observation.
  • Participants' toy allocation was measured.

Main Results:

  • 3 out of 4 preschoolers shifted their toy choices towards the toy a peer was observed playing with.

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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats
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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats
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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

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  • One participant shifted preference when a less preferred toy was used in the observation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Peer observation significantly influences preschoolers' toy preferences and response allocation.
    • Social learning plays a key role in early childhood decision-making regarding object value.