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Related Experiment Video

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Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

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Published on: April 4, 2025

Attentional shift by gaze is triggered without awareness.

Wataru Sato1, Takashi Okada, Motomi Toichi

  • 1Department of Comparative Study of Cognitive Development, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan. sato@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Experimental Brain Research
|July 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Attentional shifts can be triggered by gaze cues, even when presented subliminally. This research demonstrates that unconscious processing of eye and head direction influences attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Gaze following is a fundamental social-cognitive ability.
  • Previous research suggests gaze cues can automatically direct attention.
  • The role of subliminal gaze processing in attentional shifts remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether reflexive attentional shifts occur in response to subliminal gaze cues.
  • To examine the influence of both eye gaze and head direction on attention.
  • To compare effects across different stimulus types (drawings vs. photographs).

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a peripheral target localization task.
  • Gaze cues (eye gaze and/or head direction) were presented centrally, either supraliminally or subliminally.
  • Reaction times to target localization were measured under valid and invalid cue conditions.

Main Results:

  • Reaction times were significantly faster for valid gaze cues compared to invalid cues.
  • This effect was observed under both subliminal and supraliminal presentation conditions.
  • Both eye gaze and combined eye gaze/head direction cues elicited this effect.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional shifts can be automatically triggered by gaze cues, even when presented outside of conscious awareness.
  • The findings highlight the power of non-conscious social cues in modulating attention.
  • This suggests a robust, pre-attentive mechanism for processing social information from others' direction of regard.