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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Pulmonary embolism in the critically ill.

David J Carlbom1, Bruce L Davidson

  • 1Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Chest
|July 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Managing pulmonary embolism in critically ill patients involves more than anticoagulation. Early risk assessment and tailored interventions are key for preserving right ventricular function and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) in critically ill patients presents unique management challenges.
  • Standard anticoagulant therapy may require modification in this population.
  • Accurate risk stratification is crucial for guiding treatment decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for managing pulmonary embolism in critically ill patients.
  • To highlight considerations beyond anticoagulation, including risk assessment and hemodynamic support.
  • To discuss therapeutic options for obstructing thrombus and bleeding complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on critically ill patients with PE.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools for risk stratification (echocardiography, CT, biomarkers).

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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
08:02

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions: anticoagulation, thrombolysis, mechanical approaches, and supportive care.

    • Main Results:

    • Echocardiography, CT, and biomarkers aid in identifying higher-risk PE patients.
    • Right ventricular function preservation requires careful management of fluids, vasopressors, and vasodilators.
    • Various treatments for thrombus (fibrinolysis, percutaneous, surgical) have differing efficacy and safety profiles.
    • Intravenous administration of anticoagulants is preferred; bleeding complications do not always warrant discontinuation.
    • Specific antidotes exist for anticoagulant-related bleeding.
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requires prompt recognition and alternative anticoagulation.
    • Vena cava filters offer life-saving potential and can be safely removed after prolonged periods.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal PE management in the critically ill necessitates a multimodal approach.
    • Risk stratification and tailored hemodynamic support are vital for right ventricular function.
    • Careful consideration of antithrombotic and bleeding management strategies is essential.