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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

[Major pulmonary embolism].

Gérard Pacouret1, Bernard Charbonnier, Raphaël Puglisi

  • 1Unité de soins cardiaques intensifs, service de cardiologie A, hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex 1. g.pacouret@chu-tours.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|July 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) requires advanced imaging, especially in high-risk patients. Early diagnosis and treatment, including thrombolysis or embolectomy, improve outcomes for massive and submassive PE.

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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Context:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis is critical in acute respiratory distress, particularly with high thrombo-embolic risk.
  • Initial clinical evaluation and basic tests are often insufficient for definitive PE diagnosis.
  • Massive PE requires immediate bedside echocardiography, while CT scans are suitable for less critical cases.

Purpose:

  • To outline diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism based on patient severity.
  • To define prognostic indicators for submassive PE, including troponin levels and right/left ventricular ratio.
  • To guide therapeutic decisions for massive and submassive PE, considering thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy.

Summary:

  • Bedside echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool for massive PE (shock, hypotension, cardiac arrest).
  • CT scans are recommended for hemodynamically stable patients with suspected PE.
  • Prognostic evaluation for submassive PE involves troponin levels and right/left ventricular diameter ratio (≥0.9).
  • Thrombolysis is indicated for massive PE and considered for selected submassive PE patients (under 70, no bleeding risk, elevated troponin/RV dysfunction).
  • Surgical embolectomy is an alternative for PE patients with contraindications or failure of thrombolysis.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary embolism.
  • Optimized treatment selection for massive and submassive PE.
  • Enhanced patient outcomes through timely and appropriate interventions.