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Related Concept Videos

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
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Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, on the other hand, mainly occur in the outer layers of a plant's stems and leaves. These cells provide the plant with strength and support by either partially thickening their primary cell wall (i.e., collenchyma), or depositing a...
Plant Hormones01:56

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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
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Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Plant defence signalling induced by biotic attacks.

Toby J A Bruce1, John A Pickett

  • 1Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts., UK.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|July 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plants facing multiple attackers activate defense mechanisms. These induced plant defenses can be enhanced or conflicted by prior stress, highlighting complex signal integration in plant immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Ecology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plants activate induced defense responses when exposed to biotic stresses like herbivores and pathogens.
  • In natural environments, plants frequently encounter multiple attackers simultaneously, leading to interactions between different defense responses.
  • These interactions can involve systemic induction of defense metabolism, affecting responses both above and below ground.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how plants integrate signals from multiple attackers.
  • To understand the coordination of plant defense mechanisms under complex stress scenarios.
  • To investigate the regulation of key metabolic pathways involved in plant immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on plant-attacker interactions.

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Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
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  • Analysis of signal integration in plant defense metabolism.
  • Examination of regulatory mechanisms in key metabolic pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Prior attack by one organism can either enhance or conflict with defense responses to subsequent attacks.
    • Plants exhibit systemic responses, where below-ground attacks influence above-ground defenses and vice versa.
    • Evidence suggests plants integrate conflicting signals to coordinate defense strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Plants possess sophisticated mechanisms to integrate signals from multiple biotic stresses.
    • The coordination of plant defense involves the regulation of key metabolic pathways.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of plant signal integration and defense coordination.