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Related Experiment Videos

[Chromium: physiologic role and implications in human pathology].

F Dubois1, F Belleville

  • 1Laboratoire de Biochimie B, CHU Nancy-Brabois, France.

Pathologie-Biologie
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in glucose metabolism. Chromium deficiency may contribute to diabetes and atherosclerosis, with absorption varying by form and age.

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Area of Science:

  • Trace element metabolism
  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Environmental toxicology

Context:

  • Chromium levels vary significantly across age groups and body stores.
  • Dietary chromium absorption is influenced by its chemical form (organic vs. inorganic) and valence state (III vs. VI).
  • The glucose tolerance factor (GTF) plays a role in insulin action.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of chromium's role in human health.
  • To discuss chromium absorption, transport, and excretion.
  • To examine the implications of chromium deficiency and toxicity.

Summary:

  • Total body chromium ranges from 0.4-6 mg, with variations in neonates and the elderly.
  • Organic chromium (in GTF) and chromium (VI) are better absorbed than inorganic chromium (III).
  • Chromium binds to transferrin and is excreted via the kidneys; blood/urine levels don't reflect body stores.
  • Chromium's role in GTF facilitates insulin action, and deficiency may link to diabetes and arteriosclerosis.
  • Acute chromium poisoning typically involves excess chromium (VI) in industrial settings.

Impact:

  • Highlights the importance of chromium in metabolic processes, particularly glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • Suggests potential links between chromium deficiency and chronic diseases like diabetes and arteriosclerosis.
  • Underscores the need for further research into optimal chromium intake and its health effects.

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