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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
The effect of season on cytokine expression in multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects
Niall Stewart1, Bruce Taylor, Anne-Louise Ponsonby
1School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. nstewart@utas.edu.au <nstewart@utas.edu.au>
Abstract:
We measured the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, Il-4 and Il-10 produced by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy people, and those with the relapse/remitting form of multiple sclerosis. Blood was taken in summer and winter. Healthy people had a summer excess of Il-4, Il-10 and TNFalpha, and a winter excess of IFNgamma. Untreated MS cases had a summer excess of Il-10, whereas those treated with Interferon-beta had lower levels of all cytokines, and displayed no seasonal effect.
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