Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Giant osteochondroma derived from pterygoid process of sphenoid
1Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
Abstract:
Osteochondroma is rarely found in oral and maxillofacial regions. The majority of reported osteochondromas occurred in mandibular areas; their occurrence in bones developed by intramembranous ossification is extremely rare. In this report, a case of osteochondroma arising from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid is described. Radiological investigations showed a large bony mass under the left great wing of the sphenoid and involving the left parapharyngeal space. The tumour was compressive to the mandibular ramus and pharyngeal cavity, causing marked disturbance of mouth opening and secretory otitis media. Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion to be osteochondroma.
Related Concept Videos
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
Overview of the Skull
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

