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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 17, 2017
Low molecular weight heparins: structural differentiation by bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Marco Guerrini1, Sara Guglieri, Annamaria Naggi
1Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy. guerrini@ronzoni.it
Abstract:
Individual low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) exhibit distinct pharmacological and biochemical profiles because of manufacturing differences. Correlation of biological properties with particular structural motifs is a major challenge in the design of new LMWHs as well as in the development of generic versions of proprietary LMWHs. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy permits identification and quantification of structural peculiarities of LMWH preparations. In this article, heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, previously used to determine variously substituted monosaccharide components of heparan sulfate (HS) and HS-like glycosaminoglycan mimics, has been applied to the structural characterization of three commercially available LMWHs (enoxaparin, dalteparin, and tinzaparin). Relevant residues belonging to the parent heparin, as well as minor residues generated by each depolymerization procedure, have been characterized and quantified. The use of a high-sensitivity NMR spectrometer (600 MHz equipped with cryoprobe) allowed the accurate quantification of residues with sensitivity better than 1 to 2%.
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