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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
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Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Hendra virus genotypes 1 and 2 differ in V protein-mediated immune evasion.

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Recent progress in henipavirus research.

Kim Halpin1, Bruce A Mungall

  • 1CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Vic. 3220, Australia. kim.halpin@csiro.au

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hendra and Nipah viruses, emerging paramyxoviruses, pose significant zoonotic threats. Research has identified pteropus bats as hosts and is advancing understanding of these viruses and potential countermeasures.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Zoonotic Disease Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hendra and Nipah viruses are novel paramyxoviruses causing severe zoonotic diseases.
  • Outbreaks, particularly Nipah virus in Malaysia, have resulted in high human and animal morbidity and mortality.
  • These viruses continue to present a global health concern with ongoing sporadic outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding Hendra and Nipah viruses.
  • To summarize findings on reservoir hosts, viral characteristics, and potential interventions.
  • To capture the progress made in paramyxovirus research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and surveillance studies.
  • Analysis of genomic characterization data.
  • Examination of research on viral receptors, vaccines, and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • Pteropus bats identified as the primary reservoir hosts.
  • Significant progress in characterizing viral genomes and identifying receptors.
  • Development of potential vaccines and therapeutic strategies is underway.
  • Ongoing research into the mechanisms of viral spillover.

Conclusions:

  • Hendra and Nipah viruses remain a significant public health and veterinary concern.
  • Advances in molecular technology have greatly enhanced our understanding of these viruses.
  • Continued research is crucial for mitigating the impact of future outbreaks.