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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Published on: June 6, 2017

Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication.

R A Sclafani1, T M Holzen

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. robert.sclafani@uchsc.edu

Annual Review of Genetics
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic DNA replication ensures chromosomes are copied once per cell cycle using conserved initiation mechanisms. Cell cycle regulation and checkpoint controls maintain replication fidelity and prevent errors during DNA synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication is a tightly regulated process crucial for cell division.
  • Replication initiates at multiple origins on chromosomes, with mechanisms varying across species.
  • Origin identification is often epigenetic, not sequence-specific, except in certain yeasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the conserved mechanisms of eukaryotic DNA replication initiation.
  • To highlight the roles of cell cycle regulation and checkpoint control in ensuring replication fidelity.
  • To discuss the evolutionary conservation of replication proteins and initiation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of replication mechanisms across eukaryotes and archaea.
  • Review of molecular events in origin recognition, pre-RC assembly, and helicase activation.
  • Examination of cell cycle-dependent protein phosphorylation and checkpoint pathways.

Main Results:

  • Replication initiation involves conserved steps: origin recognition, pre-RC assembly, helicase activation, and replisome loading.
  • Cell cycle regulation ensures pre-RC assembly in G1 and activation/loading in S phase.
  • Checkpoint pathways stabilize replication forks and prevent progression during stress or damage.

Conclusions:

  • The fundamental mechanism of DNA replication initiation is conserved among eukaryotes and archaea.
  • Temporal regulation by the cell cycle and robust checkpoint mechanisms are essential for accurate genome duplication.
  • Understanding these processes is key to comprehending genome stability and cell proliferation.