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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Evidence based clinical practice: a primer for urologists.

Charles D Scales1, Glenn M Preminger, Sheri A Keitz

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) integrates current research, patient values, and clinical judgment for optimal patient care. Urologists must master critical appraisal skills to apply the best available evidence effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research Methodology
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Urology Practice

Background:

  • Evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) is defined as the conscientious use of current best evidence in patient care decisions.
  • It encompasses principles and methods ensuring medical decisions and policies are based on well-designed studies of therapeutic effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and practice of EBCP within urology.
  • To provide a guide to web-based EBCP resources and guidelines for urologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of EBCP principles and practice using urology literature examples.
  • Identification and curation of available web-based EBCP resources and guidelines.

Main Results:

  • EBCP integrates evidence hierarchy, patient values, and practitioner judgment for individualized decision-making.
  • Key EBCP steps include formulating answerable questions and systematic literature searches.
  • Critical appraisal of primary literature for validity, impact, and applicability is crucial when pre-appraised evidence is unavailable.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge, practice, and documentation of EBCP are increasingly vital for all urologists.
  • Urologists should develop skills in critically appraising literature to apply the best evidence in patient care.