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Related Experiment Videos

Cerebral autoregulation and syncope.

Antonio Franco Folino1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. franco.folino@unipd.it

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Syncope, or fainting, results from reduced brain blood flow. In some cases, the brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Syncope, characterized by transient loss of consciousness, is ultimately caused by insufficient cerebral perfusion.
  • Cerebral blood flow is normally maintained constant by an autoregulation system, which adjusts cerebrovascular resistance in response to systemic blood pressure changes.
  • Pathological alterations in this autoregulation can actively contribute to syncope, particularly in neurally mediated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomical structures and mechanisms of cerebral autoregulation.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology of cerebral autoregulation in normal and pathological states, with an emphasis on syncope.
  • To outline noninvasive neuroimaging techniques used to study cerebral circulation and autoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cerebral autoregulation, syncope, and neuroimaging techniques.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the mechanisms involved in maintaining constant cerebral blood flow.
  • Emphasis on the role of autoregulation in orthostatic and neurally mediated syncope.

    • Main Results:

    • Cerebral autoregulation normally prevents hypoperfusion by reducing cerebrovascular resistance when blood pressure drops.
    • In certain conditions like neurally mediated syncope, a paradoxical reflex can increase cerebrovascular resistance, worsening cerebral hypoperfusion.
    • Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques are crucial for studying cerebral circulation and autoregulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding cerebral autoregulation mechanisms is key to understanding syncope pathogenesis.
    • Dysfunctional cerebral autoregulation, particularly increased cerebrovascular resistance, plays a critical role in neurally mediated syncope.
    • Further research using neuroimaging is needed to fully elucidate these processes.