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Related Concept Videos

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Sun protection and sunscreen labeling--an update.

Marius A Ionescu1, Agnès Gougerot

  • 1Unite INSERM U.728, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. t.ionescu@uriage.tm.fr

Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Protect your skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and B (UVB) with sunscreens. Proper sun protection, including clothing and avoiding peak sun, reduces short-term effects like sunburn and long-term damage like skin aging and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Photobiology

Background:

  • Sun exposure, particularly ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and B (UVB), poses significant risks to human skin health.
  • UVA and UVB exposure can lead to both immediate effects like sunburn and tanning, and long-term consequences such as premature skin aging and increased risk of skin cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of comprehensive sun protection strategies.
  • To inform about the role of sunscreens in mitigating the adverse effects of solar radiation.
  • To acknowledge the benefit of the European uniform labeling system for sunscreen selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on the effects of solar radiation on skin.
  • Emphasis on protective measures including clothing, sun avoidance, and sunscreen use.
  • Discussion of the utility of new European labeling standards for consumer guidance.

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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Main Results:

  • Sunlight's ultraviolet components (UVA and UVB) are detrimental to skin integrity.
  • Effective sun protection involves a multi-faceted approach.
  • Accurate sunscreen selection, aided by clear labeling, is crucial for preventing sun damage.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent and appropriate use of sunscreens is vital for protecting skin from UVA and UVB damage.
  • Adopting protective behaviors and utilizing informed product choices can significantly reduce the incidence of short-term and long-term solar dermatoses.
  • The European uniform labeling system enhances consumer ability to select adequate sun protection.