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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
Published on: September 7, 2013
Sun protection and sunscreen labeling--an update
Marius A Ionescu1, Agnès Gougerot
1Unite INSERM U.728, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. t.ionescu@uriage.tm.fr
Abstract:
Sun exposure is today well recognized as having an adverse effect on human skin. Part of sun radiation, ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and B (UVB), can modify skin structures and induce short-term skin changes (sunburn, tanning, hyperkeratinization, brown spots) and long-term skin damages (accelerated skin aging and skin cancers). Protection against both UVA and UVB is very important, therefore sun protection by clothes, avoiding sun exposure and correct use of sunscreens are important means to reduce short- and long-term solar radiation effects. The recommendation of appropriate sunscreen by doctors and cosmetic professionals (the function of skin type and sun radiation intensity) is today easier due to the recently implemented European uniform labeling system of sunscreens and detailed information for consumers.
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