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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

Interferon gamma: friend or foe?

Kathryn J Wood1, Gang Feng, Bin Wei

  • 1Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. kathryn.wood@nds.ox.ac.uk

Transplantation
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by regulatory T cells shapes local immune responses. This cytokine

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High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection
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Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection
09:11

Imaging of In Situ Interferon Gamma Production in the Mouse Spleen following Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Published on: July 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation immunology
  • T cell biology

Background:

  • Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) traditionally linked to inflammatory TH1 responses.
  • IFN-gamma is crucial for long-term allograft survival via costimulation blockade.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) transiently produce IFN-gamma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the local immunomodulatory role of transient IFN-gamma production by Tregs.
  • Determine how Treg-derived IFN-gamma influences antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells.
  • Explore IFN-gamma's impact on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • Coculture systems involving T cells and APCs.
  • Analysis of T cell proliferation and activation markers.
  • Assessment of T cell effector mechanisms.
  • Investigation of Treg-induced microenvironment modulation.

Main Results:

  • Treg-derived IFN-gamma creates a local microenvironment influencing APC function.
  • IFN-gamma affects T cell proliferation, activation, and effector mechanisms.
  • Addition of IFN-gamma to T cell-APC cocultures promotes regulatory T cell generation.
  • IFN-gamma's role in immune response is context-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Transient IFN-gamma production by Tregs plays a significant role in local immune regulation.
  • IFN-gamma can promote the generation of regulatory T cells, impacting transplant outcomes.
  • The immunomodulatory effects of IFN-gamma are context-specific, influencing its role in transplantation.