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Glioblastoma multiforme in children.

G J Dohrmann, J R Farwell, J T Flannery

    Journal of Neurosurgery
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare central nervous system neoplasm. Treatment combining surgery and radiation offers the longest survival for cerebral hemisphere GBMs in children.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric neuro-oncology
    • Central nervous system neoplasms
    • Pediatric neurosurgery

    Background:

    • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare but aggressive primary brain tumor in children.
    • Understanding the specific characteristics and outcomes of pediatric GBM is crucial for improving patient care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence, clinical presentation, and survival outcomes of pediatric glioblastoma multiforme.
    • To compare outcomes based on tumor location and treatment modalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 488 children with central nervous system neoplasms.
    • Detailed review of 43 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, stratified by location (cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord).
    • Evaluation of presenting symptoms, physical findings, and treatment outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Glioblastoma multiforme accounted for 8.8% of pediatric CNS neoplasms. Cerebral hemisphere GBM occurred at a mean age of 12.7 years, with headache, nausea/vomiting, and seizures as common symptoms. Combined surgery and radiation yielded the longest survival (22 months).
    • Brain stem GBM occurred at a younger mean age (6.7 years), with nausea/vomiting and headache as primary symptoms. Radiation alone provided the longest survival (10.5 months).
    • Steroid therapy significantly increased survival duration. Pediatric GBM shares similarities with adult GBM but has a more rapid course than other childhood gliomas.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme presents with distinct clinical features based on location.
    • Multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiation, and steroid therapy, is essential for improving survival outcomes in children with GBM.
    • Further research into targeted therapies is warranted to improve the prognosis of this aggressive childhood brain tumor.

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