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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
[Fluorescence cytology. Improvement of urinary cytology]
S Tritschler1, S Tauber, R Meier
1Urologische Klinik und Poliklink, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 München. Stefan.Tritschler@med.uni-muenchen.de
Abstract:
Urothelial cancer of the bladder is a frequent disease, and urinary cytology often is used as a routine diagnostic tool. But this technique has an impaired sensitivity in low-grade tumours, and as a subjective method it is highly dependent on the experience of the cytologist. Here we present the technique of fluorescence cytology as an improvement of conventional cytology. This method is potentially able to compensate for the disadvantages of urinary cytology as it is an automated process that uses the principles of 5-Ala-induced photodynamic diagnosis (PDD).
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