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Proton pump inhibitor-induced acute interstitial nephritis.
Linda Härmark1, Hans E van der Wiel, Mark C H de Groot
1Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. l.harmark@lareb.nl
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|July 20, 2007
Summary
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are linked to acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Early diagnosis and drug withdrawal are crucial for preventing kidney failure.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders.
- Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a potential adverse drug reaction affecting kidney function.
Observation:
- Seven case reports of AIN associated with various PPIs were analyzed.
- Renal biopsy confirmed AIN in five cases.
- Symptoms developed within hours to four months of PPI use.
Findings:
- Most patients recovered after discontinuing the causative PPI.
- One patient recovered with prednisolone treatment.
- A rechallenge confirmed PPI-induced AIN within 12 hours.
Implications:
- AIN is a potential complication across the entire class of PPIs, not limited to specific drugs like omeprazole.
- An immunological mechanism is suspected for PPI-induced AIN.
- Awareness among healthcare professionals is vital for timely diagnosis and management to prevent severe renal outcomes.
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