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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Structure and Function of Platelets

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34⁺ Cells

Published on: December 27, 2017

From hematopoietic stem cells to platelets.

Y Chang¹, D Bluteau, N Debili

¹INSERM, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH

|August 1, 2007

Summary

Megakaryocytopoiesis, the production of platelets, involves complex differentiation pathways regulated by key transcription factors and thrombopoietin (TPO). Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for treating platelet disorders.

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Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

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Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

Published on: May 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Hematology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Megakaryocytopoiesis is the process of platelet production from hematopoietic stem cells.
This process involves progenitor proliferation, differentiation, polyploidization, and maturation into megakaryocytes (MK).
Mature MKs produce platelets via proplatelet formation and fragmentation in blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the molecular regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.
To highlight the association between megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
To discuss the role of transcription factors and thrombopoietin (TPO) in platelet production and related pathologies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of molecular mechanisms in megakaryocytopoiesis.
Analysis of transcription factor roles (e.g., GATA-1, NF-E2).
Examination of thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling via its receptor MPL.

Main Results:

Megakaryocytopoiesis is regulated by specific transcription factors and the TPO/MPL pathway.
Abnormalities in these pathways underlie various congenital and acquired platelet disorders.
MPL agonists show promise for treating thrombocytopenias.

Conclusions:

The intricate regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis involves key transcription factors and signaling pathways.
Molecular insights into megakaryocytopoiesis offer therapeutic strategies for platelet count disorders.
Further research into MPL agonists could lead to effective treatments for thrombocytopenias.