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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

Lanthanum carbonate--a first line phosphate binder?

Declan de Freitas1, Rosemary L Donne, Alastair J Hutchison

  • 1Renal Services, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Seminars in Dialysis
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients can be effectively managed with lanthanum carbonate, a safe oral phosphate binder. This treatment is recommended, especially for those with vascular calcification, due to its efficacy and lack of significant toxicity.

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hyperphosphatemia poses significant morbidity and mortality risks for dialysis patients.
  • Existing oral phosphate binders often fall short of the ideal characteristics, including efficacy, safety, and cost.
  • Lanthanum carbonate has emerged as a potentially superior option for managing phosphate levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of lanthanum carbonate as an oral phosphate binder in dialysis patients.
  • To assess the clinical significance of lanthanum absorption and accumulation.
  • To position lanthanum carbonate as a first-line treatment option.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on lanthanum carbonate's performance as a phosphate binder.
  • Analysis of studies examining lanthanum absorption, toxicity, and long-term effects.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes in dialysis patients treated with lanthanum carbonate.

Main Results:

  • Lanthanum carbonate demonstrates safety and efficacy in controlling serum phosphate levels.
  • Data shows no toxic effects even after up to 6 years of continuous exposure.
  • Concerns regarding significant lanthanum absorption and clinical importance are not supported by evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Lanthanum carbonate is a safe and effective oral phosphate binder for dialysis patients.
  • It is recommended as a first-line treatment, particularly for patients with vascular calcification.
  • The drug offers a favorable profile compared to previous phosphate binders.