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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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WITHDRAWN: Steroids for treating tuberculous meningitis.

K Prasad1, J Volmink, G R Menon

  • 1Arabian Gulf University, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, PO Box 22979, Manama, Bahrain. prasadk@agu.edu.bh

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Corticosteroids may reduce death and disability in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients. However, more research is needed, especially for those with HIV, due to study limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Corticosteroid use in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) treatment is controversial.
  • Evidence for benefits and risks, especially in HIV-infected individuals, is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of steroid therapy on mortality and disability in TBM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through comprehensive database searches.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment performed by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Six trials involving 595 patients were analyzed.
  • Steroids showed a trend towards reduced mortality (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.97) and significantly decreased death or severe disability (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.88).
  • A potential benefit was observed in children, but adult results were inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Adjunctive corticosteroids may benefit TBM patients, but findings are limited by small study sizes and methodological concerns.
  • Further large-scale, placebo-controlled trials, including HIV-positive individuals, are necessary to confirm efficacy and safety.