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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Interventions for treating functional dysphonia in adults.

J H Ruotsalainen1, J Sellman, L Lehto

  • 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Cochrane Occupational Health Field, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio, Finland, 70701. jani.ruotsalainen@ttl.fi

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Comprehensive voice therapy combining direct and indirect methods effectively treats functional dysphonia, improving voice quality and daily functioning. This approach offers sustained benefits for patients and professionals reliant on voice use.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Functional dysphonia significantly impairs quality of life and can lead to job loss in vocally demanding professions.
  • Effective treatments for functional dysphonia are crucial for patient well-being and occupational sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions for treating functional dysphonia in adults.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other relevant study designs.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Science Citation Index, OSH-ROM) up to April 2006.
  • Included RCTs of interventions for functional dysphonia in adults; interrupted time series and prospective cohort studies were eligible for work-directed interventions.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors, with meta-analysis conducted where appropriate.

Main Results:

  • Six RCTs involving 163 participants in intervention groups and 141 controls were identified; only one trial was of high quality.
  • Combined direct and indirect voice therapy demonstrated effectiveness in improving self-reported, observer-rated, and instrumentally assessed vocal functioning compared to no intervention.
  • The positive effects of combined therapy were sustained for at least 14 weeks, with some evidence of symptom reduction persisting for a year. Other interventions, like pharmacological treatment, showed no significant advantage over basic vocal hygiene instructions.

Conclusions:

  • There is evidence supporting the efficacy of comprehensive voice therapy that integrates both direct and indirect therapeutic elements.
  • The positive outcomes of this combined approach are consistent across patient populations, including those in vocally demanding professions like teachers.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes and improved methodological rigor, utilizing outcome measures aligned with treatment objectives, is recommended.