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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions
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Published on: November 16, 2015

Large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens.

N Wittschier1, C Lengsfeld, S Vorthems

  • 1University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Hittorfstrasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plant-derived compounds like okra and licorice polysaccharides show promise as anti-adhesives against bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori. These natural compounds can block bacterial adhesion, offering potential in alternative infection treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bacterial adhesion, often mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions, is crucial for infection.
  • Anti-adhesive compounds, particularly plant-derived ones, offer a strategy to prevent infections by blocking this interaction.
  • Target pathogens include Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen plant-derived carbohydrates and extracts for anti-adhesive effects against specific microorganisms.
  • To investigate the efficacy of these compounds in blocking bacterial adhesion to host tissues.
  • To explore structure-activity relationships and the potential for in vivo application of anti-adhesives.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of various carbohydrates and plant extracts (e.g., okra, licorice, Pelargonium sidoides) for anti-adhesive properties.
  • In situ assays on primary human stomach tissue to assess adhesion inhibition.
  • In vitro testing against Campylobacter jejuni and in vivo studies in chicken broilers.

Main Results:

  • Glucuronic acid-enriched okra polysaccharides effectively blocked Helicobacter pylori adhesion to stomach tissue and inhibited Campylobacter jejuni in vitro.
  • Licorice polysaccharides demonstrated strong anti-adhesive properties against Helicobacter pylori and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
  • Pelargonium sidoides extract showed dose-dependent efficacy against Helicobacter pylori; no effective compounds were found against Candida albicans.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-derived polysaccharides and proanthocyanidins show significant potential as anti-adhesive agents against key bacterial pathogens.
  • Okra and licorice extracts are promising candidates for developing prophylactic strategies against infections like H. pylori.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges like gastrointestinal metabolism for effective in vivo application of carbohydrate-based anti-adhesives.