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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Endemic pemphigus vulgaris.

Rosicler Rocha-Alvarez1, Alex G Ortega-Loayza, Horacio Friedman

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal.

Archives of Dermatology
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a new endemic variant of pemphigus vulgaris in Brazil. Autoantibody profiles in patients suggest a distinct autoimmune blistering disease, differing from classic pemphigus vulgaris.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Autoimmunology
  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • A novel mucocutaneous disease clinically and histologically resembling pemphigus vulgaris was observed in Brazil.
  • The disease presented with epidemiological characteristics distinct from typical pemphigus vulgaris, aligning with fogo selvagem (FS).
  • Patients resided in Goiânia and Brasilia, Brazil, recognized endemic regions for FS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the autoantibody profiles against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1).
  • To investigate these autoantibodies in patients with the unique mucocutaneous disease and healthy relatives in endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Serological evaluation of 8 patients and 27 healthy relatives from endemic regions.
  • Utilized cold immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect autoantibodies.
  • Assessed binding of serum samples to Dsg3 and Dsg1.

Main Results:

  • All 8 patients' serum samples bound Dsg3 (cold immunoprecipitation) and 6/8 by ELISA.
  • Serum samples from 4/8 patients bound Dsg1 (cold immunoprecipitation and ELISA).
  • Autoantibodies against Dsg3 and Dsg1 were detected in healthy relatives, suggesting potential subclinical disease or genetic predisposition.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides serological evidence supporting a new endemic variant of pemphigus vulgaris.
  • Distinct autoantibody profiles may differentiate this variant from classical pemphigus vulgaris and other forms of pemphigus.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the pathogenesis and clinical spectrum of this endemic variant.