Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice
06:31

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice

Published on: February 5, 2021

Airway pathologic abnormalities in symptomatic children with congenital cardiac and vascular disease

Jennifer P Guillemaud1, Hamdy El-Hakim, Susan Richards

  • 1Pediatric Otolaryngology Service, Department of Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery
|July 20, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Airway abnormalities like laryngeal paralysis are common in children with heart conditions. Early otolaryngologic evaluation is crucial for managing these associated airway issues in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology

Background:

  • Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often present with complex medical needs.
  • Airway abnormalities can complicate the care and outcomes of these children.
  • Identifying the prevalence and types of airway issues is essential for comprehensive management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiological profile of airway abnormalities in symptomatic children with cardiac or vascular anomalies.
  • To highlight the common types of airway lesions and their presenting symptoms.
  • To emphasize the need for early otolaryngologic involvement in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective medical chart review of 77 children with airway symptoms and cardiac/vascular anomalies.
  • Data collected included airway diagnoses, symptoms, cardiac conditions, demographics, and treatments.
  • Analysis focused on identifying the most frequent airway abnormalities and associated factors.

Main Results:

  • The most common airway abnormality was laryngeal paralysis (n=32), followed by subglottic stenosis (n=18).
  • Congenital and acquired airway lesions were equally prevalent.
  • Feeding intolerance, stridor, and extubation failure were frequent presentations; 42% required airway surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 3% of children with cardiac disease have associated airway problems.
  • Laryngeal paralysis is the most frequent airway abnormality.
  • Early otolaryngologic assessment and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in children with complex cardiac conditions.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Left Atrial Ligation in the Avian Embryo as a Model for Altered Hemodynamic Loading During Early Vascular Development04:37

Left Atrial Ligation in the Avian Embryo as a Model for Altered Hemodynamic Loading During Early Vascular Development

Published on: June 16, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...