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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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Dialysis01:15

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

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Haemodialysis access: a single centre UK Experience.

S L-S Fan1, R Naqvi, R Ahmad

  • 1Department of Nephrology, St Bartholomews and The Royal London Hospitals, Whitechapel, London - UK.

The Journal of Vascular Access
|July 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

UK haemodialysis access guidelines are achievable and can be exceeded. Demographic factors influence arteriovenous fistula (AVF) versus PTFE graft use, with higher dynamic venous pressure (dVP) indicating dysfunction but lacking specificity.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Vascular Access Surgery
  • Quality Improvement in Healthcare

Background:

  • Assessing the feasibility of US National Kidney Foundation Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines for haemodialysis access in the UK.
  • Evaluating the relevance of these guidelines to the UK dialysis patient population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if K/DOQI guidelines for haemodialysis access are achievable in the UK.
  • To examine the relevance of K/DOQI guidelines to UK dialysis patients.
  • To investigate factors influencing the choice and success of haemodialysis access.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 262 chronic haemodialysis patients.
  • Involved case note review, biochemical parameter measurements, and dynamic venous pressure (dVP) assessments.
  • Prospective follow-up of patients with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts for 18 months.

Main Results:

  • Radial-cephalic fistulae (rAVF) and brachial-cephalic fistulae (bAVF) were primary access in 58% and 35% of cases, respectively.
  • Afro-Caribbean patients were significantly more likely to have PTFE grafts (3.80 times) than Caucasian patients.
  • A dVP >150 mmHg was sensitive (92%) but not specific (50%) for predicting graft dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • K/DOQI haemodialysis access guidelines are achievable and can be surpassed in the UK.
  • Patient demographics, particularly race and 'dry weight', influence the proportion of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) versus PTFE grafts used.
  • While elevated dVP predicts dysfunction, its low specificity limits its sole use in monitoring access.