Markers for development of hypertension in commercial flight aviators

In order to discover markers for the development of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, we studied systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ECG, and heart rate before, during and after exercise; body mass index (BMI); serum cholesterol; and smoking habits in 183 male aviators (mean age 41 years at commencement, and 55 at follow-up). Those developing cardiovascular disease had an overrepresentation of smokers but the disease could not be related to any other variable. By contrast we found the following independent markers for prediction of future hypertension in normotensive aviators: increased BMI, increased diastolic blood pressure at 50 W, low heart rate at maximal exercise and smoking. Of these markers high diastolic blood pressure and low heart rate during exercise are new. Subjects with initially elevated blood pressure who did not develop hypertension decreased their diastolic blood pressure after exercise in contrast to those developing hypertension.