Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and departures are essential concepts in surveying, providing a systematic way to analyze the projections of traverse lines. These projections allow surveyors to interpret a line's north-south and east-west components, which are crucial for precisely calculating areas, bearings, and lengths. Latitude is the north-south projection of a line, calculated as the product of the line's length and the cosine of its bearing. Departure, conversely, is the east-west projection obtained by...

Air-entraining Agents

Air-entraining Agents

Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...

AC Sources

AC Sources

Direct current is a flow of electric charge in only one direction and has a steady state of constant voltage in the circuit. Rectifiers, batteries, commutator-equipped generators, and fuel cells are some examples of devices that generate direct current. Nowadays, most applications use a time-varying voltage source. Alternating current is a flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. An alternating current is produced by an alternating emf that is generated in a power plant. If...

The Bronchial Tree

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Breathing

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Type I interferon primes the alveolar epithelium to receive reparative signals from tissue-resident macrophages.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Piezo1-dependent activation of stromal cells ignites muscle inflammation in exercise and injury and is associated with inflammaging.

Nature immunology·2026

Same author

Piezo1-dependent activation of stromal cells ignites muscle inflammation in exercise and injury and is associated with inflammaging.

Nature immunology·2026

Same author

Regulatory T cells safeguard liver health during metabolic-associated steatohepatitis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Immunological knowledge.

Nature immunology·2026

Same author

The history and promise of Treg cells.

Immunity·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

A decade of AIRE.

Diane Mathis¹, Christophe Benoist

¹The Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Nature Reviews. Immunology

|July 21, 2007

Summary

The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, identified in 1997, is linked to autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). This rare disease offers insights into immune system self-tolerance mechanisms.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Endocrinology

Background:

The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene was identified in 1997.
AIRE gene is associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).
APECED is a rare autoimmune disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the AIRE gene in APECED.
To understand the fundamental processes of immune system self-tolerance.

Main Methods:

Genetic analysis of AIRE gene.
Clinical studies of APECED patients.
Immunological assays to assess self-tolerance.

Main Results:

AIRE gene identified as the susceptibility locus for APECED.

More Related Videos

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Published on: September 2, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Published on: September 2, 2011

APECED provides a model for studying self-tolerance.

Insights gained into the establishment and maintenance of self-tolerance.

Conclusions:

The AIRE gene plays a critical role in immune self-tolerance.
APECED serves as a valuable model for understanding autoimmunity.
Further research on AIRE and self-tolerance is warranted.