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Taste Buds and Receptors

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Gustation

Gustation

Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

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Published on: October 23, 2020

[Olfaction and gustation in diabetes].

¹III interní klinika 1 lékarské fakulty UK a VFN, Praha. svacinas@lf1.cuni.cz

Vnitrni Lekarstvi

|July 24, 2007

Summary

Diabetes can impair smell and taste, with gustatory dysfunction linked to complications and olfactory dysfunction to diabetic macroangiopathy. These sensory dysfunctions may influence diabetes development and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neuroscience
Sensory Science

Context:

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with diverse systemic complications.
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are increasingly recognized as potential manifestations of diabetes.
The relationship between sensory deficits and specific diabetic pathologies requires further elucidation.

Purpose:

To investigate the correlation between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and specific diabetic complications.
To explore the role of sensory system pathology in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its sequelae.
To identify potential therapeutic targets within the olfactory and gustatory systems for diabetes management.

Summary:

Dysfunction in smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation) is a common finding in individuals with diabetes.

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Gustatory dysfunction is associated with particular diabetes complications, while olfactory dysfunction correlates with diabetic macroangiopathy.

Gustatory sweating represents a significant olfactory and gustatory impairment in diabetes.

The pathology of olfaction and gustation may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its complications.

Impact:

Understanding the link between sensory dysfunction and diabetes can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Identifying gustatory sweating as a key indicator may aid in risk stratification for diabetic complications.
The findings suggest that the olfactory and gustatory systems could become future targets for novel diabetes therapies.