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Related Concept Videos

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

Hydroxyurea as an alternative therapy for psoriasis.

Vinod Kumar Sharma1, Bornali Dutta, M Ramam

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. aiimsvks@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|July 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxyurea offers an effective and safe alternative for extensive psoriasis when methotrexate is unsuitable. This study shows significant improvement in patients, with manageable side effects, establishing it as a viable second-line treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Methotrexate is a primary treatment for extensive psoriasis, but alternatives are needed for intolerant patients or those with liver disease.
  • An accessible and affordable drug is crucial for managing extensive psoriasis in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxyurea as a second-line treatment for extensive psoriasis.
  • To evaluate hydroxyurea's therapeutic potential in patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-month prospective study involved 34 patients with extensive, erythrodermic, or generalized pustular psoriasis.
  • Hydroxyurea dosage ranged from 1g to 1.5g daily, with regular monitoring of blood counts and organ function.
  • Therapeutic response was measured using patient/physician global assessment and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring.

Main Results:

  • 73.5% of patients showed good to excellent response; 20.6% had less than 50% improvement.
  • Mean PASI score reduction was 76% by 10-12 weeks.
  • Leukopenia occurred in 3 patients, resolving upon hydroxyurea discontinuation; relapse was observed in 5 patients within a year.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyurea demonstrates significant efficacy in treating extensive psoriasis.
  • It is a safe and effective second-line therapeutic option for psoriasis management.