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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome.

P A Thomas1

  • 1Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirapalli - 620 001, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|July 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a novel atypical pneumonia, emerged in 2002 and spread globally. The SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified, but effective treatments remain limited, necessitating further research.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an atypical pneumonia originating in China in late 2002.
  • The disease gained global attention in February 2003, spreading to 32 countries and affecting 8,459 individuals.
  • As of June 23rd, 2003, SARS had resulted in 805 deaths, representing a 9.5% mortality rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the emergence and characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
  • To identify the causative agent and discuss current diagnostic and management strategies.
  • To highlight the need for improved therapeutic interventions due to the significant mortality rate.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in patient specimens.

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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  • Formulation of case definitions for suspected, confirmed, and probable SARS cases.
  • Review of current management strategies including isolation, ribavirin, corticosteroids, and mechanical ventilation.

    • Main Results:

    • A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV, was identified as the causative agent of SARS.
    • Diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV have been developed, though limitations exist.
    • Current management includes supportive care and antiviral/anti-inflammatory agents, with a notable mortality rate.

    Conclusions:

    • SARS represents a significant global health threat due to its rapid spread and high mortality.
    • The identification of SARS-CoV is a critical step, but further research is needed.
    • Development of more effective therapies is crucial to reduce the fatality rate of SARS.