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Plasticity in arthropod cryotypes.

T C Hawes1, J S Bale

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|July 24, 2007
PubMed
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Arthropods exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to cold, with strategies like cryoprotective mechanisms evolving hierarchically. This framework links thermal history to organismal traits from cryotype to phenotype.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Low-temperature exposure induces significant phenotypic changes in arthropods across molecular, physiological, and behavioral levels.
  • Phenotypic plasticity, a reversible change in response to environmental cues, plays a crucial role in arthropod adaptation to cold.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hierarchical framework for understanding the role and function of phenotypic plasticity in arthropods acclimating to low temperatures.
  • To classify cryoprotective strategies and their relationship to thermal history, ecological niche, and climatic variability.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a hierarchical typology of organism-environment interactions based on thermal history.
  • This framework categorizes responses from broad cryoprotective strategies ('cryotypes') down to genotype and phenotype.

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Main Results:

  • Plasticity's function is partitioned hierarchically across evolutionary, macrophysiological, and micro-scale ecological levels.
  • A continuum of trait optimization is observed in the transition of cryotypes, involving plasticity and alternative strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 'cryotype' classification links thermal history to organismal traits, offering a new perspective on cold adaptation in arthropods.
  • Alternative strategies to plasticity, such as specialization and bet-hedging, contribute to trait optimization and evolutionary success in varying thermal environments.