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Related Experiment Videos

Death in custody: a historical analysis.

Jami R Grant1, Pamela E Southall, David R Fowler

  • 1Forensic Studies, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. jgrant@ubalt.edu

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Custodial deaths in Maryland changed significantly over time. Cardiovascular disease was common until the 1980s, when asphyxia and later drug intoxication became leading causes of death in custody.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Understanding trends in custodial deaths is crucial for public safety and correctional healthcare.
  • Historical data on causes and circumstances of death in custody can inform policy and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the historical evolution of causes and circumstances of death in custody in Maryland.
  • To identify changes in custodial death patterns from 1939 to 2004.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, exploratory analysis of 145,425 cases from Maryland's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (1939-2004).
  • Identification and examination of 202 custodial deaths based on time, agency, decedent characteristics, and cause/manner of death.

Main Results:

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  • Custodial deaths showed substantive changes over the study period.
  • Cardiovascular disease was the primary cause of death from the 1930s-1970s (except 1940s: syphilis, tuberculosis).
  • Asphyxia (suicidal hangings) predominated in the 1980s, followed by drug intoxication in the 1990s-2000s. Sudden unexplained deaths increased in the 1980s, linked to cocaine abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Causes of death in custody have evolved, reflecting societal and public health shifts.
  • The rise of drug intoxication and specific circumstances like restraint use highlights changing risks in custodial settings.
  • Long-term analysis is vital for understanding and addressing the dynamics of in-custody fatalities.