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Osteocytes as dynamic multifunctional cells.

Lynda F Bonewald1

  • 1University of Missouri, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. bonewaldl@umkc.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
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Osteocytes, once thought inactive, are now recognized as crucial for bone health. These cells actively participate in bone remodeling and regulate phosphate metabolism, challenging previous assumptions.

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Mechanotransduction
  • Skeletal Physiology

Background:

  • Traditionally, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were considered the primary targets for bone therapeutics and the sole mediators of bone remodeling.
  • Osteocytes, embedded within the bone matrix, were largely viewed as passive cells, lacking significant active roles in skeletal homeostasis.
  • This perspective overlooked the potential contributions of osteocytes to bone's dynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emerging roles of osteocytes beyond their established function in mechanotransduction.
  • To explore the novel functions of osteocytes in bone health and systemic regulation.
  • To challenge the conventional view of osteocytes as merely inactive placeholders.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of recent scientific literature and experimental data on osteocyte biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating osteocyte sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (shear stress).
  • Examination of research on osteocyte communication networks and their influence on the microenvironment.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteocytes actively translate mechanical strain into biochemical signals, influencing bone (re)modeling.
    • Osteocytes exhibit high sensitivity to shear stress, communicating with surface cells and marrow cells.
    • Emerging evidence highlights osteocytes' role in regulating phosphate metabolism, a novel function.
    • Osteocytes demonstrate the ability to alter their cellular position and local microenvironment.

    Conclusions:

    • Osteocytes are not passive cells but are integral, active participants in maintaining bone health.
    • The functions of osteocytes extend to mechanotransduction, intercellular communication, and metabolic regulation.
    • A revised understanding of osteocyte biology is essential for developing future bone therapeutics.