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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Dynamic FoxO transcription factors.

Haojie Huang1, Donald J Tindall

  • 1Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. huang253@umn.edu

Journal of Cell Science
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors regulate vital cellular functions, including apoptosis and metabolism. Their complex regulation by signaling pathways is crucial for preventing diseases like cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors (FoxO1, FoxO3a, FoxO4, FoxO6) are key regulators of cellular processes.
  • These proteins are mammalian orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16.
  • They control genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, oxidative stress, differentiation, and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing FoxO protein activity.
  • To understand the role of FoxO signaling in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • To highlight the implications of FoxO dysregulation in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of signaling pathways affecting FoxO proteins.
  • Analysis of post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination) of FoxO factors.

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  • Examination of interactions with regulatory enzymes (kinases, acetylases, deacetylases).

    • Main Results:

    • FoxO proteins are regulated by inhibitory phosphorylation (e.g., Akt, CDK2) and activating signals (e.g., JNK, MST1).
    • Their activity is modulated by acetylation (CBP, p300) and deacetylation (SIRT1).
    • Ubiquitylation impacts FoxO stability and localization, affecting transcriptional activity.

    Conclusions:

    • FoxO protein functions are tightly controlled by intricate signaling networks.
    • Dysregulation of FoxO pathways can contribute to the development of diseases, including cancer.