[Cultural awareness in nursing]

Cultural differences play a significant role in how people react to health problems. Culture also affects the relationship between patient and caregiver. This article describes four basic characteristics of culture: it is learned, not hereditary; it is shared by all members of the same cultural group; it develops in adaptation to the environment; and it is dynamic, in constant evolution. The author shows how a patient's culture can affect his or her health. Three specific aspects are discussed--eating habits, communication and health beliefs. The need for nurses to be aware of the cultural dimension and its significance in the caregiving process is emphasized. This is particularly important in a multicultural society such as Canada. The effectiveness of the care provided depends on the nurse's awareness and sensitivity. In the same vein, the prevention of misunderstandings requires an appreciation of the other person's culture. Nurses who reach out to understand other cultures will come to respect individual differences.