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Related Concept Videos

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis01:18

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the middle...
Veins of Thorax01:19

Veins of Thorax

The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
Veins as Blood Reservoirs01:10

Veins as Blood Reservoirs

Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance vessels. When...
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
06:59

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Published on: January 13, 2023

Is the inferior vena cava dispensable?

Vinci S Jones1, Albert Shun

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Hainsworth Street, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney 2145 NSW, Australia. vincijones@yahoo.co.in

Pediatric Surgery International
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation is risky, but elective IVC ligation in children can be safe. This study found no long-term issues in four pediatric patients who underwent IVC ligation during elective surgery.

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Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
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Quantifying Inferior Vena Cava Compliance and Distensibility in an In Vivo Ovine Model Using 3D Angiography
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation is generally considered high-risk.
  • Existing literature primarily documents IVC ligation in trauma settings.
  • Anecdotal evidence exists for elective IVC ligation in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and outcomes of intentional IVC ligation in children during elective surgery.
  • To review existing literature on IVC ligation and its physiological basis.
  • To determine if elective IVC ligation is a viable option in pediatric surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric tertiary care center records over 20 years.
  • Identification and evaluation of patients undergoing intentional IVC ligation during elective surgery.
  • Literature review of IVC ligations and examination of physiological/anatomical sequelae.

Main Results:

  • Four pediatric patients underwent intentional IVC ligation.
  • Two patients experienced temporary pedal edema and ascites.
  • No long-term sequelae were observed; adequate collateral drainage was confirmed by Doppler studies.

Conclusions:

  • Elective IVC ligation can be safely performed in children when other surgical options are unavailable.
  • IVC ligation in pediatric patients can provide therapeutic benefits.
  • Development of adequate collateral circulation mitigates long-term complications.