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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
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The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

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In situ apatite forming injectable hydrogel.

Emily Ho1, Anthony Lowman, Michele Marcolongo

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University,3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel injectable hydrogel for tissue regeneration. The material forms apatite in simulated body fluid, but protein presence inhibits this crucial bone-like mineral formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Injectable polymers are promising for tissue augmentation and replacement.
  • Thermosensitive hydrogels, like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), offer tunable properties but face limitations in load-bearing and tissue bonding.
  • A novel injectable apatite-forming material system was developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the apatite formation of a novel injectable hydrogel system.
  • To investigate the influence of proteins on apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF).
  • To explore the role of tri-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) in material properties and apatite nucleation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate hydrogel with varying MPS concentrations.

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An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
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An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
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  • Tested apatite formation in both protein-free and protein-containing simulated body fluid (SBF).
  • Characterized compressive moduli and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogel system.

    • Main Results:

    • The MPS-containing hydrogel system demonstrated apatite formation throughout the gel.
    • Apatite formation was significantly inhibited in the presence of proteins.
    • MPS concentration allowed tuning of compressive moduli (50-700 kPa) without affecting the LCST.

    Conclusions:

    • The silanol groups in MPS likely facilitate apatite nucleation and mineral dissolution.
    • Protein presence interferes with the apatite formation mechanism.
    • Balancing network formation and modulus enhancement via MPS is key for injectable hydrogels in tissue regeneration.