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Detection of Arcobacter spp. in piggery effluent and effluent-irrigated soils in southeast Queensland
H N Chinivasagam1, B G Corney, L L Wright
1Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Animal Research Institute, Queensland, Australia. nalini.chinivasagam@dpi.qld.gov.au
Aims:
To investigate the occurrence and levels of Arcobacter spp. in pig effluent ponds and effluent-treated soil.
Methods And Results:
A Most Probable Number (MPN) method was developed to assess the levels of Arcobacter spp. in seven pig effluent ponds and six effluent-treated soils, immediately after effluent irrigation. Arcobacter spp. levels in the effluent ponds varied from 6.5 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(8) MPN 100 ml(-1) and in freshly irrigated soils from 9.5 x 10(2) to 2.8 x 10(4) MPN g(-1) in all piggery environments tested. Eighty-three Arcobacter isolates were subjected to an abbreviated phenotypic test scheme and examined using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR identified 35% of these isolates as Arcobacter butzleri, 49% as Arcobacter cryaerophilus while 16% gave no band. All 13 nonreactive isolates were subjected to partial 16S rDNA sequencing and showed a high similarity (>99%) to Arcobacter cibarius.
Conclusions:
A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. cibarius were isolated from both piggery effluent and effluent-irrigated soil, at levels suggestive of good survival in the effluent pond.
Significance And Impact Of The Study:
This is the first study to provide quantitative information on Arcobacter spp. levels in piggery effluent and to associate A. cibarius with pigs and piggery effluent environments.
