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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
09:36

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

Published on: June 6, 2025

[Salivary calculi in children].

J Lerena1, M A Sancho, F Cáceres

  • 1Servicio de Cirugia Pediatrica, Agrupación Sanitaria Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu- Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona. jlerena@hsjdbcn.org

Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Cirugia Pediatrica
|July 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Salivary calculi, often causing pain, are diagnosed using imaging. Surgical removal, following antibiotic treatment for infections, proves effective and safe for patients.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Context:

  • Salivary gland calculi (stones) are a common condition affecting the submaxillary, sublingual, and parotid glands.
  • Infections and tumors are more prevalent in the parotid gland, while calculi predominantly affect the submaxillary and sublingual glands.
  • This study reviews 18 cases of salivary calculi diagnosed over a 13-year period.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes for salivary calculi.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical intervention for salivary calculi removal.
  • To investigate the association between salivary calculi and infectious causes.

Summary:

  • A retrospective review of 18 patients (13 male, 5 female; mean age 7.2 years) with salivary calculi was conducted.
  • Pain and tenderness were the primary symptoms. The parotid gland was affected in 10 cases, submaxillary in 6, and sublingual in 2.
  • Infectious causes were identified in 7 cases of parotid calculi; none were associated with submaxillary or sublingual calculi. All patients underwent surgical duct canalization after antibiotic treatment, with no reported complications or relapses.

Impact:

  • Salivary calculi diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and imaging (ultrasound, sialography, CT).
  • Surgical treatment, specifically duct canalization, is effective for calculi removal.
  • Combined medical and surgical management ensures successful outcomes without recurrence.