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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Development of verbal selective learning.

Gerri Hanten1, Xiaoqi Li, Sandra B Chapman

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ghanten@bcm.tmc.edu

Developmental Neuropsychology
|July 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that selective learning efficiency in children (ages 6-18) increases linearly with age, while total words recalled increases non-linearly. Selective learning is distinct from overall memory capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding how children learn selectively is crucial for educational and clinical applications.
  • Previous research has explored age-related differences in memory and learning, but the specific trajectory of selective learning efficiency requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of selective learning efficiency in children aged 6-18 years.
  • To compare the developmental patterns of selective learning efficiency and total word recall.
  • To determine the relationship between selective learning efficiency and overall memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an incentive-based auditory word recall task.
  • Assessed children aged 6-18 years.
  • Analyzed age-related effects on selective learning efficiency and total words recalled.

Main Results:

  • Both selective learning efficiency and total words recalled demonstrated significant effects of age, but with different developmental trajectories.
  • Total words recalled showed a non-linear, negatively accelerated increase with age.
  • Selective learning efficiency exhibited a linear increase with age and was not correlated with total words recalled.

Conclusions:

  • Selective learning efficiency and overall memory capacity follow distinct developmental paths in children.
  • The findings offer a framework for interpreting selective learning in clinical populations.
  • This research highlights the importance of considering specific learning mechanisms beyond general memory capacity in child development.