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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
Genetic analysis of non-syndromic craniosynostosis
1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. simeon.boyd@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Abstract:
Craniosynostosis is a common malformation occurring in 3-5 per 10,000 live births. Most often craniosynostosis occurs as an isolated (i.e. non-syndromic) anomaly. Non-syndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition that has the characteristics of a multifactorial trait. It is believed that each sutural synostosis (e.g. sagittal, coronal) represents a different disease. Significant progress has been made in understanding the clinical and molecular aspects of monogenic syndromic craniosynostosis. However, the phenotypic characterization of NSC is incomplete and its causes remain unknown. This review summarizes the available knowledge on NSC and presents a systematic approach aimed at the identification of genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to the risk of this common craniofacial defect.
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