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Improving water use in crop production.

J I L Morison¹, N R Baker, P M Mullineaux

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK. morisj@essex.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|July 27, 2007

Summary

Agriculture uses 80-90% of freshwater, driving unsustainable water use. Improving crop water productivity through physiological understanding and genetic approaches is key to sustainable agriculture and food security.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Physiology
Environmental Science

Background:

Agriculture accounts for 80-90% of global freshwater consumption, primarily in crop production.
Unsustainable water use in agriculture is exacerbated by increasing demand from other sectors and climate change impacts.
The concept of 'more crop per drop' is crucial for enhancing agricultural sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine crop water use from a physiological perspective, focusing on the links between carbon uptake, growth, and water loss.
To review recent advancements in assessing and improving crop water productivity.
To identify future potential for enhancing water use efficiency in agriculture.

Main Methods:

Physiological analysis of crop water use, linking carbon assimilation, biomass production, and transpiration.
Review and synthesis of recent research on crop water productivity assessments.
Exploration of molecular genetic and environmental physiology approaches.

Main Results:

Improvements in agronomic and physiological understanding have led to documented increases in water productivity for certain crops.
Recent progress highlights the potential of integrating molecular genetics with environmental physiology.
Understanding plant-environment interactions is critical for optimizing water use.

Conclusions:

Substantial potential exists for further improvements in crop water productivity.
Advancements in understanding plant physiological responses to water availability are promising.
A multidisciplinary approach, integrating genetics, plant physiology, and environmental science, is essential for achieving sustainable agriculture and improved water productivity.