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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

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Published on: August 25, 2017

Effects of antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms on ozone-induced lung function changes.

C Chen1, M Arjomandi, I B Tager

  • 1School of Public Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0843, USA.

The European Respiratory Journal
|July 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in antioxidant enzymes influence susceptibility to ozone-induced lung function changes. Specific gene combinations (GSTM1/NQO1, GSTP1) showed sex-specific risks for decreased lung function following chronic ozone exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic ozone (O3) exposure can lead to small airway remodeling and altered lung function.
  • Antioxidant enzyme function is hypothesized to influence individual susceptibility to ozone's adverse effects.
  • Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes may modulate the risk of lung function impairment from environmental exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1) affect the risk of lung function changes associated with chronic ozone exposure.
  • To determine if genetic variations in these enzymes modify the impact of ozone on small airway function.
  • To explore sex-specific differences in the relationship between antioxidant gene polymorphisms and ozone-related lung function decline.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 210 young adults previously studied for ozone exposure and lung function.
  • Analysis of polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, and NQO1 genes.
  • Multivariable linear regression modeling to assess sex-specific associations between genotypes and ozone-related lung function changes, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • The combined GSTM1-null/NQO1 Pro187Pro genotype was linked to increased risk of decreased forced expiratory flow between 25-75% in females exposed to ozone.
  • GSTP1 Val105 variant genotypes were associated with a higher risk of reduced forced expiratory flow at 75% in males exposed to ozone.
  • No significant association was found between GSTM1-null status alone and ozone-related lung function changes in either sex.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant enzyme gene polymorphisms can influence the risk of ozone-induced lung function decline.
  • The impact of these genetic variations on lung function may be sex-specific.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and sex in respiratory health.