Voltage-dependent and Src-mediated regulation of NMDA receptor single channel outward currents in cortical neurons

A voltage-dependent but Ca2+-independent regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor outward activity was studied at the single channel level using outside-out patches of cultured mouse cortical neurons. Unlike the inward activity associated with Ca2+ and Na+ influx, the NMDA receptor outward K+ conductance was unaffected by changes in Ca2+ concentration. Following a depolarizing pre-pulse, the single channel open probability (NP o), amplitude, and open duration of the NMDA inward current decreased, whereas the same pre-depolarization increased those parameters of the NMDA outward current (pre-pulse facilitation). The outward NP o was increased by the pre-pulse facilitation, disregarding Ca2+ changes. The voltage-current relationships of the inward and outward currents were shifted by the pre-depolarization toward opposite directions. The Src family kinase inhibitor, PP1, and the Src kinase antibody, but not the anti-Fyn antibody, blocked the pre-pulse facilitation of the NMDA outward activity. On the other hand, a hyperpolarizing pre-pulse showed no effect on NMDA inward currents but inhibited outward currents (pre-pulse depression). Application of Src kinase, but not Fyn kinase, prevented the pre-pulse depression. We additionally showed that a depolarization pre-pulse potentiated miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs). The effect was blocked by application of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 during depolarization. These data suggest a voltage-sensitive regulation of NMDA receptor channels mediated by Src kinase. The selective changes in the NMDA receptor-mediated K+ efflux may represent a physiological and pathophysiological plasticity at the receptor level in response to dynamic changes in the membrane potential of central neurons.