Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Flavonoid Content During the Growth and Floral Development of Calendula officinalis L.
Published on: June 27, 2025
Primary flavonoids in marigold dye: extraction, structure and involvement in the dyeing process
Pauline Guinot1, Annick Gargadennec, Gilles Valette
1Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 5175 (CEFE), 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Abstract:
Flavonoids extracted from marigold flowers were investigated for their dyeing potential. Patulitrin (1) and patuletin (2) were isolated and their structures established using NMR and HPLC-MS. These compounds were identified as the main flavonoids present in the dyeing bath. Following the dyeing process, it was demonstrated that aglycone 2 bound more strongly to wool fibres than its glucoside 1. Moreover, analysis focused on 1 and 2 dynamics during plant growth revealed that these components were only found in flowers during and after flowering. The influence of growing location was also investigated and it appeared that cultivation under Mediterranean conditions enhanced biosynthesis of 1 and 2 . Finally, several solvents were tested for their potential to extract the flavonoids: the use of a water-ethanol mixture gave a high extraction efficiency and allowed selective extraction of 1 and 2. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the development of marigold as a potential dyeing plant.
Related Concept Videos
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence
Fixation and Sectioning
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

