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Updated: Jul 13, 2026
04:54
Flavonoid Content During the Growth and Floral Development of Calendula officinalis L.
Published on: June 27, 2025
Primary flavonoids in marigold dye: extraction, structure and involvement in the dyeing process
Pauline Guinot1, Annick Gargadennec, Gilles Valette
1Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 5175 (CEFE), 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Phytochemical Analysis : PCA
|July 27, 2007
Summary
Marigold flowers contain flavonoids, patulitrin and patuletin, suitable for natural dyeing. Patuletin binds better to wool, and Mediterranean conditions boost flavonoid production for potential textile applications.
Area of Science:
- Natural Products Chemistry
- Textile Science
- Sustainable Dyes
Background:
- Marigold flowers are a potential source of natural dyes.
- Flavonoids are key compounds responsible for color in plants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dyeing potential of flavonoids from marigold flowers.
- To identify and characterize the main flavonoids involved in the dyeing process.
- To understand the factors influencing flavonoid biosynthesis and extraction.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and structural elucidation of flavonoids using NMR and HPLC-MS.
- Dyeing experiments with wool fibers.
- Analysis of flavonoid content during plant growth and under different cultivation conditions.
- Optimization of solvent extraction methods.
Main Results:
- Patulitrin (1) and patuletin (2) were identified as the primary dyeing compounds.
- Patuletin (aglycone 2) showed stronger binding affinity to wool fibers than patulitrin (glucoside 1).
- Flavonoid accumulation in marigold flowers occurs during and after flowering.
- Mediterranean growing conditions enhanced the biosynthesis of patulitrin and patuletin.
- A water-ethanol mixture proved highly efficient for selective extraction of these flavonoids.
Conclusions:
- Marigold flowers possess significant potential as a source for natural textile dyes.
- Patuletin is a promising flavonoid for wool dyeing due to its strong fiber affinity.
- Optimized cultivation and extraction methods can enhance the viability of marigold as a sustainable dyeing plant.
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