Cancer-associated immune-mediated syndromes: Pathogenic values and clinical implementation

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Tumors can induce cancer-associated secondary immunodeficiency (CASID) and cancer-associated secondary immunodeficiency with clinical autoimmunity syndrome (CASICAS).
• These syndromes impair host anti-tumor immunity and have been observed in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.
• Understanding the immunological phenotypes in GBM and BCC is crucial for clinical and pathogenic clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the immunological phenotypes in GBM and BCC patients.
• To investigate typical and atypical immune responsiveness in patients with GBM and BCC.
• To establish distinct scenarios of immune involvement in malignancy.

Main Methods:

• Series of studies on immune responsiveness in GBM and BCC patients.
• Analysis of typical and atypical immune responses.
• Summarization of immune imbalances and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

• Three scenarios of immune involvement were identified: no immunopathology, CASID, and CASICAS.
• CASID and CASICAS share immunodeficiency signs and adaptive/innate immune deviations.
• CASID involves both immune system links, while CASICAS predominantly affects the adaptive link.

Conclusions:

• Distinct immune imbalances correlate with clinicopathologic features in solid tumors (BCC, MCC, GB).
• These findings suggest new immunodiagnostic and immunoprognostic criteria for solid tumors.
• Blood levels of immunocompetent cells, functional activity, autoantibodies, and apoptotic parameters are valuable for monitoring and immunotherapy.